Second, these suspended particles may impact on solid objects causing erosion by abrasion (ecological succession). [150] Additionally, planets with hotter lower atmospheres could accelerate the loss rate of hydrogen. High winds are known to cause damage, depending upon the magnitude of their velocity and pressure differential. The Calima carries dust on southeast winds into the Canary islands. [107] Loess is a homogeneous, typically nonstratified, porous, friable, slightly coherent, often calcareous, fine-grained, silty, pale yellow or buff, windblown (Aeolian) sediment. [58] Once winds exceed 135 knots (250 km/h), homes completely collapse, and significant damage is done to larger buildings. In addition, the wind speed also increases with the altitude. Wind pressures are positive on the windward side of a structure and negative on the leeward side. Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale. Directed by Taylor Sheridan. On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. Strong winds will pick up loose sand and topsoil and hurl it through the air at speeds ranging from 25 miles per hour (40 km/h) to 40 miles per hour (64 km/h). How to use windup in a sentence. [100] Horizontal-axle windmills were later used extensively in Northwestern Europe to grind flour beginning in the 1180s, and many Dutch windmills still exist. [6], Wind direction is usually expressed in terms of the direction from which it originates. The movement of air causes movements of parts of natural objects, such as leaves or grass. Winds have various aspects: velocity (wind speed); the density of the gas involved; energy content or wind energy. The trade winds (also called trades) are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics towards the Earth's equator. The wind barb shows the speed using "flags" on the end. Romance and adventure happen during the America's Cup series of yachting races. It is economical, clean and now with recent technological advances, far cheaper to produce. The term was first used in English in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area. Within the tropics, thermal low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive monsoon circulations. [54] In the Great Plains of the United States, these winds are known as a chinook. Large families of plants are pollinated in this manner, which is favored when individuals of the dominant plant species are spaced closely together. Wind, waves & weather forecast Marathon Airport / Florida, United States for kitesurfing, windsurfing, surfing & sailing We've gotten wind that our competitors are working on some new kind of smart screen technology. [119], Wind dispersal of seeds, or anemochory, is one of the more primitive means of dispersal. Peels surface off some roofs; some damage to gutters or siding; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over. Dust from large deserts can be moved great distances from its source region by the prevailing winds; winds that are accelerated by rough topography and associated with dust outbreaks have been assigned regional names in various parts of the world because of their significant effects on those regions. Hot air balloons use the wind to take short trips, and powered flight uses it to increase lift and reduce fuel consumption. The term is first known to have been used as the name of a pair or series of typhoons that are said to have saved Japan from two Mongol fleets under Kublai Khan that attacked Japan in 1274 and again in 1281. A tailwind increases takeoff distance required and decreases the climb gradient. The results of the above calculation are included in an index developed by the National Renewable Energy Lab and referred to as "NREL CLASS". [134], Pikas use a wall of pebbles to store dry plants and grasses for the winter in order to protect the food from being blown away. 95 $61.95 $61.95. [117] Spring storm systems moving across the eastern Mediterranean Sea cause dust to carry across Egypt and the Arabian peninsula, which are locally known as Khamsin. Sustained wind speeds are reported globally at a 10 meters (33 ft) height and are averaged over a 10‑minute time frame. Wind definition is - a natural movement of air of any velocity; especially : the earth's air or the gas surrounding a planet in natural motion horizontally. Easterly winds, on average, dominate the flow pattern across the poles, westerly winds blow across the mid-latitudes of the earth, polewards of the subtropical ridge, while easterlies again dominate the tropics. [3] The thermal wind is the difference in the geostrophic wind between two levels in the atmosphere. Entire stories of well-constructed houses destroyed; severe damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown; structures with weak foundations are badly damaged. The wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure. [20] The terminology for tropical cyclones differs from one region to another globally. High winds scour away thin soils through erosion,[123] as well as damage limbs and twigs. Wind Songtext: Cultivate your hunger before you idealize. Windup definition is - the act of bringing to an end. [158] Other Martian winds have resulted in cleaning events and dust devils. Strong updrafts, downdrafts, and eddies develop as the air flows over hills and down valleys. [167] The fastest wind on any known planet is on HD 80606 b located 190 light years away, where it blows at more than 11,000 mph or 5 km/s. [86] During the North African Campaign of the World War II, "allied and German troops were several times forced to halt in mid-battle because of sandstorms caused by khamsin ... Grains of sand whirled by the wind blinded the soldiers and created electrical disturbances that rendered compasses useless. For example, burn rates of smoldering logs are up to five times greater during the day because of lower humidity, increased temperatures, and increased wind speeds. [121] Reliance upon wind dispersal is common among many weedy or ruderal species. Used especially with the verb "get." [5] The gradient wind is similar to the geostrophic wind but also includes centrifugal force (or centripetal acceleration). Directed by Carroll Ballard. In a realistic wind turbine, this is impossible, as the captured air must also leave the turbine. [163][164][165] At the cloud tops of Neptune, prevailing winds range in speed from 400 meters per second (890 mph) along the equator to 250 meters per second (560 mph) at the poles. [124] Plant varieties near the coast, such as the Sitka spruce and sea grape,[125] are pruned back by wind and salt spray near the coastline. [41] The Westerlies play an important role in carrying the warm, equatorial waters and winds to the western coasts of continents,[42][43] especially in the southern hemisphere because of its vast oceanic expanse. before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a, 15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 2, before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a, 14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 4, 1586, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1, Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German wint wind, Latin ventus, Greek aēnai to blow, Sanskrit vāti it blows, Middle English, from Old English windan to twist, move with speed or force, brandish; akin to Old High German wintan to wind, Umbrian ohavendu let him turn aside. Climbing the mountain, never coming down. [142] Hurricane-force winds cause substantial damage to mobile homes, and begin to structurally damage homes with foundations. [64] Wind shear can be broken down into vertical and horizontal components, with horizontal wind shear seen across weather fronts and near the coast,[65] and vertical shear typically near the surface,[66] though also at higher levels in the atmosphere near upper level jets and frontal zones aloft. Most ocean basins use the average wind speed to determine the tropical cyclone's category. The strongest observed winds on a planet in the Solar System occur on Neptune and Saturn. To find the mass of the packet passing through an area A perpendicular its velocity (which could be the rotor area of a turbine), we multiply its volume after time t has passed with the air density ρ, which gives us m = A v t ρ. High winds can occur during a severe thunderstorm, with a strong weather system, or can flow down a mountain. With Matthew Modine, Jennifer Grey, Cliff Robertson, Jack Thompson. In outer space, solar wind is the movement of gases or charged particles from the Sun through space, while planetary wind is the outgassing of light chemical elements from a planet's atmosphere into space. In Europe downwind of the Alps, they are known as foehn. Globally, the two major driving factors of large-scale wind patterns (the atmospheric circulation) are the differential heating between the equator and the poles (difference in absorption of solar energy leading to buoyancy forces) and the rotation of the planet. This temperature change causes the daytime sea breeze to dissipate. [111] Over 50% of the African dust that reaches the United States affects Florida. [105], During mid-summer (July in the northern hemisphere), the westward-moving trade winds south of the northward-moving subtropical ridge expand northwestward from the Caribbean into southeastern North America. The westerlies can be particularly strong, especially in the southern hemisphere, where there is less land in the middle latitudes to cause the flow pattern to amplify, which slows the winds down. [76] The thermal wind concept explains how differences in wind speed with height are dependent on horizontal temperature differences, and explains the existence of the jet stream. [118] The Shamal is caused by cold fronts lifting dust into the atmosphere for days at a time across the Persian Gulf states. [46] As the temperature of the surface of the land rises, the land heats the air above it by conduction. Their cerci are very sensitive to the wind, and help them survive half of their attacks. [57] In California, downslope winds are funneled through mountain passes, which intensify their effect, and examples include the Santa Ana and sundowner winds. “Wind.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wind. [103] When landing, wind shear is also a hazard, particularly when the winds are strong. [162] On Uranus, northern hemisphere wind speeds reach as high as 240 meters per second (540 mph) near 50 degrees north latitude. [122], Wind also limits tree growth. [40] These western ocean currents transport warm, sub-tropical water polewards toward the polar regions. Find wind, wave and weather forecast for over 45000 locations on Windfinder. In gliding, wind gradients just above the surface affect the takeoff and landing phases of flight of a glider. This is called deflation. [127] After a period of four weeks, the growth of the seedling once again became uniform throughout the plant, as it was before the windblown sand abrasion occurred. [19] A storm has winds of 56 knots (104 km/h) to 63 knots (117 km/h). Kansas Wind Energy Project, Affiliated Atlantic & Western Group Inc, 5250 W 94th Terrace, Prairie Village, Kansas 66207, Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers, "Where do winds come from? [34][35][36], The Westerlies or the Prevailing Westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between 35 and 65 degrees latitude. The pilot must anticipate the wind gradient and use a higher approach speed to compensate for it.[104]. [79] Aeolus, in varying interpretations the ruler or keeper of the four winds, has also been described as Astraeus, the god of dusk who fathered the four winds with Eos, goddess of dawn. [50] Wind direction also changes because of the contour of the land. In mountainous parts of the world subjected to relatively consistent winds (for example, the trade winds), a more moist climate usually prevails on the windward side of a mountain than on the leeward or downwind side. In coastal regions, sea breezes and land breezes can be important factors in a location's prevailing winds. Well-constructed and whole frame houses completely leveled; some frame homes may be swept away; cars and other large objects thrown and small missiles generated. Many of the Earth's deserts lie near the average latitude of the subtropical ridge, where descent reduces the relative humidity of the air mass. For example, a northerly wind blows from the north to the south. Forecasts for any location on planet Earth! The answer is simple: whined, wind, wined, wynd are homophones of the English language. Wind powers the voyages of sailing ships across Earth's oceans. When high winds knock down or uproot trees, the process is known as windthrow. In Argentina, the local name for down sloped winds is zonda. Wind applies to any such air in motion, blowing with whatever degree of gentleness or violence. [156], Strong 300 kilometers per hour (190 mph) winds at Venus's cloud tops circle the planet every four to five earth days. While taking off with a tailwind may be necessary under certain circumstances, a headwind is generally desirable. In meteorology, winds are often referred to according to their strength, and the direction from which the wind is blowing. [25] Once plotted on a map, an analysis of isotachs (lines of equal wind speeds) can be accomplished. Zephyr, also poetical, … Orographic precipitation occurs on the windward side of mountains and is caused by the rising air motion of a large-scale flow of moist air across the mountain ridge, also known as upslope flow, resulting in adiabatic cooling and condensation. Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes overturned or badly damaged; loss of exterior doors; windows and other glass broken. [83] Protestant Wind is a name for the storm that deterred the Spanish Armada from an invasion of England in 1588 where the wind played a pivotal role,[84] or the favorable winds that enabled William of Orange to invade England in 1688. [30] The trade winds act as the steering flow for tropical cyclones that form over the world's oceans. The fastest wind ever recorded is coming from the accretion disc of the IGR J17091-3624 black hole. Special wind and weather forecasts for windsurfing, kitesurfing and other wind related sports. In the coldest climates such as Antarctica, emperor penguins use huddling behavior to survive the wind and cold, continuously alternating the members on the outside of the assembled group, which reduces heat loss by 50%. These prevailing winds blow from the west to the east,[37][38] and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner. [13] India typically reports winds over a 3‑minute average. Cloud Formation Processes", "Foehn Winds That Produced Large Temperature Differences near the Southern Appalachian Mountains", "On High Winds and Foehn Warming Associated with Mountain-Wave Events in the Western Foothills of the Southern Appalachian Mountains", "Unexpected Warming Induced by Foehn Winds in the Lee of the Smoky Mountains", 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0907:UWIBFW>2.0.CO;2, "120 Gigawatt of wind turbines globally contribute to secure electricity generation", "From AC to DC: Going green with supergrids", http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/REN12-GSR2015_Onlinebook_low1.pdf, "FAA Advisory Circular Pilot Wind Shear Guide via the Internet Wayback Machine", National Aeronautic and Space Administration, Ground Plane Wind Shear Interaction on Acoustic Transmission, "Great Historical Events That Were Significantly Affected by the Weather: 7, "Protestant Wind"—"Popish Wind": The Revolusion of 1688 in England", 10.1175/1520-0477(1985)066<0634:GHETWS>2.0.CO;2, "Boat made of plastic bottles to make ocean voyage", "Relative Velocities: Aircraft Reference", "Emergency Tillage to Control Wind Erosion", "Robotic Observations of Dust Storm Enhancement of Carbon Biomass in the North Pacific", "Microbes And The Dust They Ride In On Pose Potential Health Risks", "Study Says African Dust Affects Climate in U.S., Caribbean", "Table of Contents: Wind Climatology of the Winter Shamal", "Wind-Conditioned 20th Century Decline of Birch Treeline Vegetation in the Swedish Scandes", ARS Studies Effect of Wind Sandblasting on Cotton Plants / January 26, 2010 / News from the USDA Agricultural Research Service, "ARS Studies Effect of Wind Sandblasting on Cotton Plants", "Birds migrate together at night in dispersed flocks, new study indicates", "BIO 554/754 Ornithology Lecture Notes 2 – Bird Flight I", "P5A.6 Fine-Scale Vertical Structure of a Cold Front As Revealed By Airborne 95 GHZ Radar", "Contamination of WSR-88D VAD Winds Due to Bird Migration: A Case Study", 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2403:WAPNSA]2.0.CO;2, "How to Minimize Wind Damage in the South Florida Garden", "Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Information", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Info note No.58 — World Record Wind Gust: 408 km/h", "Chandra Finds Fastest Winds from Stellar Black Hole", "Atmospheric Escape Hot Jupiters & Interactions Between Planetary and Stellar Winds", "Geomagnetic Storms Can Threaten Electric Power Grid", National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "Cloud-tracked winds from Pioneer Venus OCPP images", 10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2053:CTWFVO>2.0.CO;2, "Mars Rovers Spot Water-Clue Mineral, Frost, Clouds", NASA – NASA Mars Rover Churns Up Questions With Sulfur-Rich Soil, "Uranus in 2003: Zonal winds, banded structure, and discrete features", Convective available potential energy (CAPE), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wind&oldid=991901335, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. SYNOP codes from weather stations and buoys. [82] Stribog is the name of the Slavic god of winds, sky and air. In Java, the local name for such winds is koembang. Wind also affects the spread of wildfires. FREE Shipping by Amazon. 6% coupon applied at checkout Save 6% with coupon. wind noun (CURRENT OF AIR) A1 [ C or U ] a current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt: There isn't enough wind to fly a kite. THE WIND & WEATHER GUARANTEE. As described earlier, prevailing and local winds are not spread evenly across the earth, which means that wind speeds also differ by region. These conditions are dangerous to ascending and descending airplanes. [4] The ageostrophic wind component is the difference between actual and geostrophic wind, which is responsible for air "filling up" cyclones over time. [96], Historically, the ancient Sinhalese of Anuradhapura and in other cities around Sri Lanka used the monsoon winds to power furnaces as early as 300 BCE. The blast wave is similar to a strong wind gust over the ground. As the glider descends through the wind gradient on final approach to landing, airspeed decreases while sink rate increases, and there is insufficient time to accelerate prior to ground contact. [88] Ocean journeys by sailing ship can take many months,[89] and a common hazard is becoming becalmed because of lack of wind,[90] or being blown off course by severe storms or winds that do not allow progress in the desired direction. Wind Direction - Wind direction is described by using the direction that the wind came from. How to use wind in a sentence. [63], Wind shear, sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and direction over a relatively short distance in the Earth's atmosphere. The wind is a clean, free, and readily available renewable energy source. This barrier jet can increase the low-level wind by 45%. This causes a pressure gradient of about 2 millibars from the ocean to the land. The Saffir–Simpson scale and Enhanced Fujita scale were designed to help estimate wind speed from the damage caused by high winds related to tropical cyclones and tornadoes, and vice versa.[143][22]. Loess often stands in either steep or vertical faces. Infrequent wind gusts can cause poorly designed suspension bridges to sway. It takes into account wind velocity and mass. Such windblown sand causes extensive damage to plant seedlings because it ruptures plant cells, making them vulnerable to evaporation and drought. These were vertical-axle windmills, which had long vertical driveshafts with rectangle shaped blades. Wind dispersal can take on one of two primary forms: seeds can float on the breeze or alternatively, they can flutter to the ground. Wind power is considered a renewable energy source. Roofs torn off from well-constructed houses; foundations of frame homes shifted; mobile homes completely destroyed; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations. Each full flag depicts 10 knots (19 km/h) of wind. It consists mostly of electrons and protons with energies of about 1 keV. 1 – Surface Weather Observations and Reports September 2005, "Section 2.
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