The throat is white and the underside is gray. A small nuthatch of the southeastern pine forests. A diagnostic white spot on the nape is usually apparent as this nuthatch works its way along a branch. In any case, the nasal, beeping call of the White-breasted Nuthatch always brightens our day, especially in midwinter when few other birds noises ring out in the woods. The FOSP is the largest of our true sparrows; its size, gray and brown face, white eye ring, and bright, rusty (fox-colored) back and tail makes it distinctive. Cedar Waxwing--2 . Further distinctions are that the red-breasted nuthatch has a black eye line and reddish underparts, and the brown-headed and pygmy nuthatches each have a brown cap, and a white patch on the nape of the neck.[9]. Hummingbirds, Current Weather Conditions at Hilton Pond Center, Join the American Robin--11 The breeding habitat of the white-breasted nuthatch is woodland across North America, from southern Canada to northern Florida and southern Mexico. 11/18/05--3rd year unknown Call sounds like the squeak of a toy rubber ducky. Fox Sparrow--3 * We've always been amused by the year-round higher-pitched call of the three-and-a-half-inch Brown-headed Nuthatch, which reminds us of a child's squeaky-toy. The contact call between members of a pair, given most frequently in the fall and winter is a thin squeaky nit, uttered up to 30 times a minute. The Pygmy Nuthatch is the only songbird that uses three different survival techniques simultaneously to endure cold winter nights. The tail is blue and black with white spots. Old-growth woodland is preferred for breeding. Brown-headed Nuthatches are one of our smallest Piedmont area birds at about 4 1/4 inches long. Read on to find Dr. Stanback’s answers to commonly asked questions about putting up nuthatch nest boxes. 05/19/04--after 4th year female We've only banded ten of these elusive little tree-huggers in 26 years at Hilton Pond Center, three of those in the just-begun winter of November 2007 (see table below). White-breasted Nuthatch. Purple Finch--1 "This Week at Hilton Pond," just send us an E-mail with SUBSCRIBE For every new member who signs up and makes an on-line purchase iGive will donate an ADDITIONAL $5 to the Center. [14], Pravosudov, Vladimir V.; Grubb. Participants in such flocks are thought to benefit in terms of foraging and predator avoidance. We banded only five individuals from 1982 through 2000 but in the past seven years have captured ten more--included two females whose well-pronounced brood patches indicate the species is breeding on-site or close by. However, the heavy black eye line and contrasting white superciliary line are diagnostic for the Red-breasted Nuthatch. Nuthatches are family oriented birds, and birds born in the previous season will stay around to help with the next set of young. Directed by Bill Hilton Jr., aka The Piedmont Naturalist, it is the parent organization for Operation RubyThroat. The white-breasted nuthatch was first described by English ornithologist John Latham in his 1790 work, the Index Ornithologicus. in the Subject line. Brown-headed nuthatches are smaller than their red- and white-breasted relatives. With patience, nuthatches can be taught to eat from one's hand. It appears rather round thanks to its short tail, legs, and neck. [1], The removal of dead trees from forests may cause problems locally for this species because it requires cavity sites for nesting; declines have been noted in Washington, Florida, and more widely in the southeastern U.S. west to Texas. The insects consumed by the white-breasted nuthatch include caterpillars, ants, and pest species such as pine weevils, oystershell and other scale insects, and jumping plant lice. [21], The white-breasted nuthatch often travels with small mixed flocks in winter. Generally resident throughout its range, the White-breasted Nuthatch is the most frequently encountered member of its tribe in North America. The Pygmy is a bird of the long-needled pine forests of the western U.S. Vagrant & Winter --The 126 birds banded 15-21 Nov gave us the highest weekly total of the year at the Center. (Or maybe you'd like to make a tax-deductible donation during 2007). (Males and females look similar.) White-breasted Nuthatch. All text, tables & photos © Hilton Pond Center. [8], Like other members of its genus, the white-breasted nuthatch has a large head, short tail, short wings, a powerful bill and strong feet; it is 13–14 cm (5.1–5.5 in) long, with a wingspan of 20–27 cm (7.9–10.6 in) and a weight of 18–30 g (0.63–1.06 oz). A major gift of $1,000 gets you two Special Edition T-shirts with "Major Donor" on the sleeve. The pygmy nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea) lives in western pine forests, typically in groups of up to 15 birds. Dr. Stanback, professor of biology at Davidson College and advisor to Audubon North Carolina’s Bird-Friendly Communities team, has installed more nest boxes for Brown-headed Nuthatches than anyone in the world. The separate populations of this non-migratory species have diverged to form distinct regional subspecies. In the cup she has formed, the female usually lays 7-8 (range 5-10) white … This supports the theory that longer-lived species benefit from adult survival and future breeding opportunities, while birds with shorter life spans place more value on the survival of their larger broods. It's not often one sees all three of these species on the same day--much less at the same time in the same tree--and ever since we've been a little nuts about nuthatches! [2], Predators of adult nuthatches include owls and diurnal birds of prey (such as sharp-shinned and Cooper's hawks), and nestlings and eggs are eaten by woodpeckers, small squirrels, and climbing snakes such as the western rat snake. [13] The white-breasted nuthatch was also observed visiting raccoon latrines in order to find seeds. The Brown-headed and Pygmy Nuthatches are less common regional birds. Looking for ID Help? Such feet, adapted for climbing, are said to be "scansorial"--as opposed to, for example, "cursorial" (for running) or "fossorial" (for digging). 10.5 cm (4.1 in) long, brown cap with narrow black eye stripe and buff white cheeks, chin, and belly, wings are bluish-grey, small white spot at the nape of the neck. (Please see Support if you'd like to make a gift of your own.). 06/18/07--hatch year unknown, Tufted Titmouse (1) There was that persistently vocal Carolina Wren that came to our bedroom window back in 1976 when we were sick with the flu and made us understand--at last--why people enjoy watching birds. To attract nuthatches, provide a variety of food, especially shelled peanuts, black sunflower, raisins, and suet. As might be expected, the cap and nape of the Brown-headed Nuthatch are chestnut-colored, with a line of darker brown passing through they eye. With their blue-gray backs and black caps, Red-breasted Nuthatches superficially resemble White-breasted Nuthatches--especially among red-breasted youngsters in which the rusty breast and belly can be quite pale. The red-breasted nuthatch is smaller than the white-breasted nuthatch and gets its name from the blush of red on its chest. [2] A study published in 2012 showed that four distinct lineages were genetically isolated from each other and could represent different species, recognizable by morphology and song. This is also the largest of our three eastern species, about 5" from tail to tip of bill. These are second in strength only to woodpeckers--with which nuthatches are sometimes confused but to which they aren't even closely related. Like the larger White-breasted Nuthatch, they like to scramble down trees and nest in cavities. For a free, non-fattening, on-line subscription to Of the four North American species of nuthatches, Minnesota is home to two species -- the red-breasted nuthatch and the white-breasted nuthatch, the latter being the most widespread of them all. Brown Headed Nuthatch Finding Brown-Headed Nuthatches. It was a nuthatch! Please sign up by going to the iGive Web site; as of this week, 197 members have signed up to help Hilton Pond Center. It is very unusual to spot them north of this range. As the common name indicates, the White-breasted Nuthatch's underside is white--except for undertail coverts that are a deep rust (see photo at left). These flocks are led by titmice and chickadees, with nuthatches and downy woodpeckers as common attendant species. In addition, woodpeckers have stiff tails that are noticeably longer than short stubby ones on nuthatches. Other North American nuthatches can be found in specialized habitats—brown-headed nuthatches live in the Deep South and pygmy nuthatches in western forests. Found in pairs or family groups all year, it is often heard before it is seen; the birds call to each other constantly as they busily clamber about on the branches. The eggs are incubated by the female for 13 to 14 days prior to hatching, and the altricial chicks fledge in a further 18 to 26 days. Now you can wear this unique shirt AND help support Operation RubyThroat: The Hummingbird Project and Hilton Pond Center. The Brown-headed Nuthatch lives in the southeastern states. Their brown back, streaked with white, makes creepers on of the best-camouflaged girds of the forest. Endemic to the Southeastern United States A more distinctive sound is a shrill kri repeated rapidly with mounting anxiety or excitement kri-kri-kri-kri-kri-kri-kri-kri; the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin subspecies have a higher, faster yididitititit call,[2] and Pacific birds a more nasal beeerf. [17][18], This nuthatch is omnivorous, eating insects and seeds. Here at Hilton Pond Center this species shows the opposite population trend of the White-breasted Nuthatch; Brown-headed Nuthatches were more common locally through the late 1990s--until a farmer clear-cut 60-plus acres of Loblolly Pines from adjoining property. SPECIES BANDED THIS WEEK:Yellow-rumped Warbler--9American Goldfinch--84 Carolina Wren--1 The white-breasted nuthatch is the only North American nuthatch usually found in deciduous trees; red-breasted, pygmy and brown-headed nuthatches prefer pines. The Brown-headed Nuthatch is a locally uncommon year-round resident in Tennessee found primarily in Knox, Anderson, Blount, Loudon, and Hamilton Counties. They have a brown cap unlike the White-breasted Nuthatch's black cap. It roosts inside a protected tree cavity, it huddles together with other nuthatches and it conserves energy by lowering its metabolism and body temperature. Male and female brown-headed nuthatches have brown crowns, bluish-gray wings and backs, and a creamy white underside. Northern Cardinal--2 If so, why not use our new handy-dandy on-line Google Checkout below to place your secure credit card order or become a Major Donor today? The calls of the three groups differ, as described above. It is not a common visitor to backyard feeders. The wing coverts and flight feathers are very dark gray with paler fringes, and the closed wing is pale gray and black, with a thin white wing bar. We've also seen them nest a foot off the ground in a decomposing Loblolly Pine stump. [9], Three other, significantly smaller, nuthatches have ranges which overlap that of white-breasted, but none has white plumage completely surrounding the eye. Interestingly, red-breasted nuthatches are genetically identical across the … The Brown-headed is a bird of the Southeastern states with the Chesapeake Bay at the northern edge of its range. We also remember fondly our first trip to Hawk Mountain in Pennsylvania, where lifelong friend Jim Shuman and his dad Ruhl pointed out an adult Bald Eagle coming toward us at eye-level on North Lookout. The last and least common of our nuthatches is S. canadensis, the four-inch-long Red-breasted Nuthatch (above). [14] The nest cavity is usually a natural hole in a decaying tree, sometimes an old woodpecker nest. Brown-headed Nuthatches are smaller than White-breasted Nuthatches. 12/16/06--2nd year unknown, Carolina Wren (3) Woodpecker tails provide balance and support as they work their way UP a tree trunk; nuthatches almost always forage sideways or head-down, as demonstrated by the White-breasted Nuthatch in the photo above right. Brown-headed Nuthatch: Medium nuthatch, gray upperparts, brown cap, small, white nape patch, dark eye-line, white face, buff underparts. This species employs "helpers at the nest"--probably a sibling from previous years--that forego nesting while helping raise the current brood, learning valuable parenting skills in the process. These shirts don't shrink! The white-breasted nuthatch has nine subspecies, although the differences are small and change gradually across the range. They are small birds, about five inches in length, and have a long, slender, down-curved bill used to probe for insects hidden in the furrows of tree bark. The white-breasted nuthatch has an appearance and contact call similar to those of the white-cheeked nuthatch, Sitta leucopsis, of the Himalayas and was formerly considered to be conspecific with it. The species also uses these boxes for winter roosting, which we discovered late one January afternoon. The cap tends to be jet-black in adult males and somewhat grayer in females--particularly among northern populations. In our 30-plus years of studying birds, we've had lots of memorable moments. All rights reserved worldwide. 0:00 / Brown-headed nuthatch (call / song) call, song. OTHER NATURE NOTES OF INTEREST The nuthatches are a genus, Sitta, of small passerine birds which derive their English name from the propensity of some species to wedge large insects or seeds into cracks, and then hack at them with their strong bills. Please be sure to configure your spam filter to accept E-mails from hiltonpond.org. As illustrated in our top photo of a Brown-headed Nuthatch, members of the family have long, straight bills. It's interesting the Red-breasted Nuthatch is known to anoint the opening to its nest cavity with sticky resin, presumably to thwart potential predators. House Finch--1 [2], The white-breasted nuthatch is monogamous, and pairs form following a courtship in which the male bows to the female, spreading his tail and drooping his wings while swaying back and forth; he also feeds her morsels of food. Thank you for your page, I have had feeders and watched my 'guests' for years and finally noticed that there appeared to be 2 different nuthatches. [2] White-breasted nuthatches seldom notch out their own nest like Red-breasted nuthatches. [9] The Great Basin and Eastern forms have been observed in secondary contact on the Great Plains, where they do not seem to mix. It places large food items such as acorns or hickory nuts in crevices in tree trunks, and then hammers them open with its strong beak; surplus seeds are cached under loose bark or crevices of trees. are filled. In the northeastern United States, at least 10% of females have black caps, but the proportion rises to 40–80% in the Rocky Mountains, Mexico and the southeastern U.S. 11/03/02--after 5th year male By working its way down the tree, the nuthatch is able to see food items in sky-facing crannies that may not be obvious to "up-foraging" birds such as Brown Creepers and woodpeckers. Brown-headed nuthatch in South Carolina 4 Species of Nuthatches to Know The most common backyard nuthatches are white-breasted nuthatches and red-breasted nuthatches. (Or, if you have several people lined up, we'll add another week!). Another unusual behavior of the Brown-headed Nuthatch is its use of "tools"; specifically, it's known to uncover insects by holding a piece of stiff bark in its bill and using this extension to pry other bark from tree trunks and limbs. [9], The presence of mature or decaying trees with holes suitable for nesting is essential, and trees such as oak, beech and hickory are favored in the east since they also provide edible seeds. A diagnostic white spot on the nape is usually apparent as this nuthatch works its way along a branch. Small nuthatch with brown cap, gray upperparts, white throat, and creamy-white underparts. Get Instant ID help for 650+ North American birds. The male's mating song is a rapid nasal qui-qui-qui-qui-qui-qui-qui. [13] The pair establish a territory of 0.1–0.15 km2 (25–37 acres) in woodland, and up to 0.2 km2 (49 acres) in semi-wooded habitats, and then remain together year-round until one partner dies or disappears. [10] The white-breasted nuthatch is the only North American nuthatch usually found in deciduous trees; red-breasted, pygmy and brown-headed nuthatches prefer pines. A study compared the white-breasted nuthatch with the red-breasted nuthatch in terms of the willingness of males to feed incubating females on the nest when presented with models of predators. The tableau was magical--almost like a field guide painting--where White-breasted, Red-breasted, and Brown-headed Nuthatches posed in the sunlight and allowed us to compare their respective field marks. [2], Like other nuthatches, this is a noisy species with a range of vocalizations. Please let us know if you'd like to be placed on the wait list. [4] Sitta is derived from sittē, the Ancient Greek for nuthatch,[5] and carolinensis means "of Carolina" in Latin. Readily attracted to bird feeders for sunflower seeds or suet, the White-breasted Nuthatch may spend much of its time industriously carrying seeds away to hide them in crevices. The clutch is 5 to 9 eggs which are creamy-white, speckled with reddish brown, and average 19 mm × 14 mm (0.75 in × 0.55 in) in size. The nest is in a hole in a tree, and the breeding pair may smear insects around the entrance as a deterrent to squirrels. The outer tail feathers are black with broad diagonal white bands across the outer three feathers, a feature readily visible in flight. The nuthatch family in North America also includes the Brown-headed, Pygmy, and Red-breasted Nuthatch. It takes up to 18 days for white-breasted nuthatches to excavate a hole for their nests. Brown-headed nuthatch. (Back to Preceding Week; on to Next Week), Week One AND Week Two of our annual By next day they had disappeared, perhaps because the pond has gotten so shallow with the drought. Please report The head has a black and white striped crown, with yellow spots between the bill and the eyes. The presence of mature or decaying trees with holes suitable for nesting is essential, and trees such as oak, beech and hickory are favored in the east since they also provide edible seeds. [2] The eastern form also has a thicker bill and broader dark cap stripe than the interior and Pacific races. Immature birds look similar to adults, but are duller in color. These groups cover eastern North America, the Great Basin and central Mexico, and the Pacific coastal regions. In the first three weeks of November 2007 at Hilton Pond Center we've banded three Red-breasted Nuthatches and one Brown-headed Nuthatch, and September and October each gave us one White-breasted Nuthatch--six of our 66 total nuthatches over 26 years in just three months. The tiny brown-headed nuthatch and its squeaky song are back in a Missouri forest after being driven out by loss of habitat a century ago. (White-breasted Nuthatches coat the hole opening with guts of vile-smelling insects; this may serve the dual function of deterring both predators and parasites.). Its nasal calls are typical and familiar sounds of winter mornings … Brown-headed Nuthatch Nest Boxes . The white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) is a small songbird of the nuthatch family common across much of temperate North America. It's a painless, important way for YOU to support our work in conservation, education, and research. ... White-breasted nuthatch. [13] The diet in winter may be nearly 70% seeds, but in summer it is mainly insects. [14] The nuthatch may also smear blister beetles around the entrance to its nest, and it has been suggested that the unpleasant smell from the crushed insects deters squirrels, its chief competitor for natural tree cavities. your sightings of birds banded or recaptured during the period, 06/15/07--hatch year female, Hermit Thrush (1) Try Merlin Bird ID. Price ($21.50) includes U.S. shipping. They are brown on the top of their head and buff white on their underparts, while the rest is a blue-grey color. This species only appears in winter in the Carolina Piedmont, and some years not even then; only when there is a major seed crop failure within the species' northerly range do we get Red-breasted Nuthatches. [7] A molecular phylogeny published in 2014 and including all main species' lineages within nuthatches concluded that the white-breasted nuthatch was more closely related to the giant nuthatch (S. magna) than to S. przewalskii, formerly regarded as possibly conspecific with it; S. przewalskii turned out to be basal in the family. Creeps along tree trunks and branches, often upside down, in search of seeds and insects. Thus, we were elated on 21 Nov to capture THREE of them--all in the same net at 10 a.m. and then at 1:40 and 4:30 p.m. To obtain permission for use or for further assistance on accessing this Web site, contact the Webmaster. and the Great Crested Flycatcher that was the first bird wife Susan ever identified on her own. Eastern Bluebird--2 For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern. You can also use our on-line Hilton Pond Search Engine at the bottom of this page. The White-breasted Nuthatch has a blue-gray dorsum and wings, with a dark cap that extends from the base of the bill to the lower part of the nape. Brown-Headed Nuthatches remind me a bit of a patchwork quilt. 12/07/06--2nd year unknown Both the tail and the legs are long. It usually roosts alone except in very cold weather, when up to 29 birds have been recorded together. 07/16/06--2nd year female Downy Woodpecker--1 This species of nuthatch roosts in tree holes or behind loose bark when not breeding and has the unusual habit of removing its feces from the roost site in the morning. This large sparrow species, which breeds in northern Canada, migrates into the Carolina Piedmont in winter. It is a stocky bird, with a large head, short tail, powerful bill and strong feet. Such cache-raiding is more likely than not since nuthatches frequently roam the winter woods with "feeding guilds" that include titmice, chickadees, woodpeckers, kinglets, and Pine Warblers. [2][23][24] This nuthatch is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, to which the three countries in which it occurs (Canada, Mexico, and the United States) are all signatories. They are birds of the hardwood forest, so we almost never saw them here at Hilton Pond Center in the 1980s when the property was still in early stages of old-field succession. Be sure to scroll down for an account of all The sittid species familiar to the most people is the White-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis (male above), whose breeding distribution includes southern Canada and all of the contiguous U.S. except for most of the Great Plains; a resident population even inhabits the high mountains along the whole length of Mexico. The birds' different foraging behaviors are facilitated by significantly different foot structures: Woodpeckers are "zygodactyl," with two toes in front and two in back, while nuthatches have the "anisodactyl" configuration of songbirds--three toes in front and one (the hallux) in back. It also has a chisel-like bill that looks a little too big for its body. Then there were those 1,500 Blue Jays we color-marked and studied during four long, cold, dark winters in Minnesota while in grad school . White face contrasts with black cap and blue-gray upperparts; belly is slightly grayer with brown on the undertail. . Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History. A nuthatch's long hallux and decurved claw allow it to hang head-down, and the even-more-sharply curved front talons provide a secure grip on tree bark the bird probes for insects with its long, straight bill. The tail is blue and black with white spots. Your tax-deductible contributions allow us to continue writing, photographing, and sharing "This Week at Hilton Pond." Eastern North America is home to the three species mentioned above, and the diminutive Pygmy Nuthatch occurs in the western states. As might be expected, the cap and nape of the Brown-headed Nuthatch are chestnut-colored, with a line of darker brown passing through they eye. Small, roughly sparrow-sized with large head, no neck, and long, slightly upturned bill. . The subspecies are sometimes treated as three groups based on close similarities in morphology, habitat usage, and vocalizations. Be sure to let us know your mailing address and adult shirt size: Small (suitable for children), Medium, Large, X-Large, or XX-Large. Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History is a non-profit research & education organization in York, South Carolina USA; phone (803) 684-5852. FOX SPARROW [14][19][20] This bird will occasionally feed on the ground, and readily visits feeding stations for nuts, suet and sunflower seeds, the last of which it often takes away to store. The upperparts are pale blue-gray, and the face and under parts are white. Sexes are alike, with a white breast and blue-gray back. Forest clearance may lead to local habitat loss, but there are no major conservation concerns over most of its range. call / song. The cavity is lined with various materials such as bark shreds, twigs, grasses, hair and feathers. Hilton Pond Center. The White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) is a small songbird of the nuthatch family which breeds in old-growth woodland across much of temperate North America. Here in the South, White-breasted Nuthatches are probably sedentary; in the North some migratory movements have been reported in bad winter years. Wings and tail are gray. [11] and although suitable habitat is distributed continentally, it is discontinuous. Common Grackle--4 The common name "nuthatch" comes from the Eurasian Nuthatch's habit of wedging an acorn into a bark crevice and then "hacking" it open with sharp blows from its bill. --We don't get many Fox Sparrows (above) at Hilton Pond Center--only 35 banded since 1982--and most winters we're lucky to even see one. © Shelley Rutkin | Macaulay Library North Carolina, March 17, 2017 View Full Species Account Like chickadees and titmice at backyard feeders, all three eastern nuthatches tend to take one food item at a time and then depart for a distant tree. There may be more noticeable dispersal due to seed failure or high reproductive success in some years,[13] and this species has occurred as a vagrant to Vancouver Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Bermuda. [16], The white-breasted nuthatch forages along tree trunks and branches in a similar way to woodpeckers and treecreepers, but does not use its tail for additional support, instead progressing in jerky hops using its strong legs and feet. Legs and feet are black. It has a black cap, white face, chest, and flanks, blue-gray upperparts, and a chestnut lower belly. 02/05/06--3rd year female, Northern Cardinal (2) [12], This nuthatch, like most of its genus, is non-migratory, and the adults normally stay in their territory year-round. This fifth-year bird is the oldest for its species at the Center; the Bird Banding Laboratory cites nine years three months as the oldest HETH. [6], Nuthatch taxonomy is complex, with geographically separated species sometimes closely resembling each other. [13], This nuthatch's responses to predators may be linked to a reproductive strategy. Hummingbird Expeditions to Costa Rica There are two dozen or so species of nuthatches worldwide--all of which are Holarctic, i.e., found in the Northern Hemisphere. [2], The female has, on average, a narrower black back band, slightly duller upperparts and buffer underparts than the male. Other tree-climbing birds, like woodpeckers, brace themselves with stiff tail feathers as they hitch their way up a trunk. This Week at Hilton Pond 11/03/03--after 4th year male --A nice flock of seven Hooded Mergansers--six hens and a drake--showed up on Hilton Pond on 19 Nov, our first migrant waterfowl of the season. by Bill Hilton Jr., executive director of The Brown-headed Nuthatch is a tiny, compact bird. The red-breasted nuthatch also has a black eye streak. We banded 30 brown-headeds 1982 through 2000, and only 11 in the seven years since; the good news is the four banded so far in 2007 comprise the highest total since six were captured in 1994. Both groups can peck on wood, but nuthatch bills are not chisel-shaped and their owners do not have the strong necks and shockproof craniums that protect woodpeckers from concussions. The white-breasted likes hardwoods. Need a Special Gift just in time for the Holidays? 01/18/05--after 4th year male
Apartment For Rent Near Medford, Ma, Black Sailfin Blenny For Sale, Poulan Pro Parts Diagram, 5 Example Of Database, Bob Rubin Net Worth,